Rachel Minyoung Lee, Senior Fellow at the Stimson Center’s Korea Program and 38 North, unpacks Kim Jong Un’s high-profile visit to Beijing in early September. This was Kim’s first multilateral gathering, aimed at showing the world he is a leader—not just a player—in an emerging Cold War dynamic between China, Russia, and North Korea on one side, and the U.S. and its allies on the other.

We discuss how Kim sought propaganda wins ahead of a major political event in Pyongyang, his strengthening long-term relationship with Vladimir Putin, and the growing defense and munitions cooperation between North Korea and Russia. We also look at the quieter but more ambiguous ties between Kim and Xi Jinping, with their latest summit producing the vaguest readout yet.

Rachel also breaks down North Korea’s effort to balance Beijing and Moscow for its own gain, Pyongyang’s role in the war in Ukraine, and why the future of inter-Korean relations looks increasingly bleak. Finally, we explore what to expect from the upcoming 9th Party Congress, how North Korea sets its long-term agenda, and why Pyongyang remains firmly anti-U.S.—but not necessarily anti-Trump.

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